Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (also known as Real Madrid, Los Blancos or Los Merengues) is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid. Founded in 1902, it plays in La Liga and is the most successful football club of the 20th century, having won thirty La Liga titles, seventeen Copa del Rey and being European Champions for a record nine times. The team is also member of the G-14 group of leading European football clubs.[4]
It plays its home games at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. Real Madrid is unusual in that, unlike most football clubs, it has been owned and operated only by its members (socios) since 1902. On December 23, 2000, FIFA awarded the Spanish team the title of the "Best Club of the 20th Century".[5] Los Blancos is the most successful club in European competition history with 11 European trophies, nine European Cups and two UEFA Cups; more than any other European club.[6]
History
- For more details on History of Real Madrid C.F., see History of Real Madrid C.F.
Football was introduced to Madrid by the professors, Dr. Oguzhan Arican and Dr. Tristan Bogle and students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza who included several Oxbridge graduates.[7] They founded the club Football Sky in 1895, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. This club split in 1900 into two different clubs New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Club Español de Madrid. The president of the latter club was Julián Palacios. The latter club split again in 1902, resulting in the formation of Sociedad Madrid FC on March 6, 1902.[8] The first president was Juan Padrós Rubió, the first secretary was Manuel Mendía and the first treasurer was José de Gorostizaga. Juan Padrós Rubió would be later succeeded by his brother, Carlos Padrós from Spain. Only three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first major title in the Estadio Chamartín stadium. The team won the first of four consecutive Copa del Rey titles (at that time the only statewide competition). In 1912 they moved to their first ground called Campo de O'Donnell after moving between some minor grounds.[9] In 1920 the club's name was changed into Real Madrid after the King granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[10]
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became President in 1945.[11] Under his presidency, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt following the Spanish Civil War. Beginning in 1953 he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from abroad, the most prominent of them being the signing of Alfredo Di Stéfano and built the world's first truly multinational side.[12]
In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by the French sports journalist and editor of L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot, and building upon the Copa Latina (a tournament involving clubs from France, Spain, Portugal and Italy), Bernabéu met in the Ambassador Hotel in Paris with Bedrignan and Gustav Sebes and created what today is known as the UEFA Champions League.[13] It was under Bernabéu's guidance, that Real Madrid became established as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the memorable 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960. Winning the competition five consecutive times saw Real permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour.[12] The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of nationally-born players, a first in the competition.[14] They were also runners-up in 1962, 1964 and 1981. The team have also won the UEFA Cup twice and was twice runner-up in the European Cup Winners Cup.[15][16][17][18]
By the early 1980s Madrid had lost their grasp on the La Liga title until a new batch of homegrown stars, known as El Quinta del Buitre started to dominate the Spanish football.[19] The name ("Vulture's Cohort") was derived from the nickname given to one of its member, Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were Manolo Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza. [20] With La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for Zaragoza in 1986) Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups and five Spanish championships in a row.[21] Their record was only failed to win the European Cup.
Martín Vázquez went to play for Torino in 1990. He made a return to Real Madrid in 1992, leaving the club again for good in 1995 (to Deportivo La Coruña). In 1995 and 1996 Butragueño and Michél left the club and went to play for Atlético Celaya in Mexico.[22] In 1996 President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid were proclaimed league champions and players like Roberto Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for the seventh European Cup in 1998 under manager Jupp Heynckes, defeating Juventus 1–0 in the final, thanks to a goal from Predrag Mijatović.[22]
In July 2000 Florentino Pérez was elected club president vowing to erase the club's debt and modernise the club's facilities, however the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of then-FC Barcelona player Luís Figo.[23] On July 16, Pérez won the election.[24] The club controversially got their training ground re-zoned and used the money to begin to assemble the famous "Galactico" side including players such as Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, Roberto Carlos, Raul and David Beckham. The huge gamble didn't pay off however and despite a European Cup win in 2002, the club had failed to win a major trophy for four seasons.[25]
Ramón Calderón was elected as club president in July, 2006 and subsequently appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real Madrid won the La Liga title in an amazing comeback in 2007 for the first time in four years.[26] Capello was sacked in June 2007 and was replaced by German manager Bernd Schuster.[27][28]
[edit] Crest
The first crest of Real Madrid had a very simple design. It consisted of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Futbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the crest occurred in 1908, when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside a circle.[29]
The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until 1920, when King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage, which came in the form of the title "Real," roughly "Royal." Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Futbol.[29]
With the disposition of the monarchy in 1931 all the symbols of the Royalty were eliminated, and so that the crown on the crest and the title of Real that years before the club had obtained were removed. In its place, the dark mulberry band of the Region of Castile was added.[29]
In 1941, two years after the end of the Civil War, the crest's "Real Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored and the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as well. In addition, the colors were modified, in that the crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Futbol. It was with this crest that the club would become the most famous and successful in all of world football, a position that it kept for the rest of the twentieth century.[29]
The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001, when the club wanted to better position itself for the twenty-first century and further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe to a more bluish shade.[30]
[edit] Colours
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Real Madrid have always worn white shirts and shorts, although they initially adopted a blue oblique stripe on the shirt (the design was kept in the club crest), but unlike today dark blue socks.[31] The striped shirt was replaced by a 100% white version in around 1905.[32] In the same year, the blue socks were replaced by black ones. In the early 1940s the manager changed the kit again, adding buttons on the shirt and club's crest on the left side of the shirt (which have remained ever since).
Real's traditional away colours are all black or all blue, but, as with most teams, they have had some more unusual ones.
The 2007–08 Real Madrid away strip consists of a dark blue shirt. The adidas three stripes are yellow. It is worn with dark blue shorts and black socks. For the 07/08 season, there is also a third kit, which is black with thick 'electric yellow' lines forming separate panels of the shirt. Real's kit is currently manufactured by Adidas, which is contracted to supply the club's kit since 1998. Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor was Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons. Following that, the club were sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1994; in 2001, ended the contract with Teka and for one season Real Madrid used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote their website. Then, in 2002 a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the logo Benq Siemens appeared on their shirt. Real Madrid's current shirt sponsor is bwin.com following the economic problems of Benq Siemens.[31]
[edit] Stadiums
- Main articles: Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, Estadio Chamartín
After its foundation in 1902 the club moved in their first years between some minor grounds before moving to the 'Campo de O'Donnell' in 1912.[33] This ground remained their home ground for eleven years. After these years the club made a move again, this time to the 'Campo de Ciudad Lineal', a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. This time, was only a short stay, because after only twelve months the club moved again. This new ground would make a longer appearance. The 'Estadio Chamartín' was inaugurated on the 17th of May 1923 with a match of Real Madrid against Newcastle United. In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated their first Spanish league title.[9]
After those successes, the 1943 elected president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín wasn't big enough for the ambitions of the club. A new stadium was built and was inaugurated on the 14th of December 1947.[34] This was the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu as we know it today, although it didn't acquire this name until 1955. The first match that was being played in the new stadium was between Real Madrid and OS Belenenses (3–1) and the first goal was scored by Sabino Barinaga. The initial capacity was 75,300.
The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.[35] Since then there have been a number of reductions due to modernisations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions. The last change was an increase of about five thousand to a capacity of 80,400, effected in 2003. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.[36]
The Bernabéu hosted the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cup finals, the 1964 European Championship final, and the 1982 FIFA World Cup final.[34] The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line called Santiago Bernabéu. Its location, in the heart of Madrid's business district, is quite unusual for a football stadium.[37]
On May 9, 2006 the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated at the City of Madrid where Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was between Real Madrid and Stade de Reims, a rematch of the European Cup final won by Real Madrid in 1956. Real Madrid won the inaugural match 6–1 with goals from Sergio Ramos, Antonio Cassano (2), Roberto Soldado (2), and Jose Manuel Jurado. The venue is now part of the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 6,000 people and it is named after former Real footballer Alfredo Di Stéfano.
[edit] Statistics and records
Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo holds the record for Real Madrid appearances, having played 710 first-team matches between 1983 and 2001.[38] Forward Santillana comes second, having played 643 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by Francisco Buyo, with 343 appearances. With 127 caps, Luís Figo of Portugal is Real Madrid's most capped international player.[39]
Alfredo Di Stéfano is the club's top goalscorer with 311 goals in all competitions between 1953 and 1964 having surpassed Santillana's total of 290. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Real Madrid's Raúl in 2005, and Chelsea's Andriy Shevchenko (then playing for A.C. Milan) and Real Madrid's Ruud van Nistelrooy in 2006. Di Stéfano also holds the club record for most goals scored in the league, with 216. Real Madrid's current top-scorer is Raúl González with 192.[40]
Officially, Real Madrid's highest home attendance is 74,419 for a Copa del Rey match in 2006. The current legal capacity of Santiago Bernabéu is 80,400. Real Madrid's average attendance was 69,200 during the 2003–04 season and 71,900 in the 2004–05 season.[2] Real Madrid have also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (30 as of 2006–07) and the most seasons won in a row (5, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[41]
Real also set UEFA Champions League records for most winnings (nine) and for most semifinal appearances (21).[42] In addition, the best UEFA Champions League scorer, Raúl González (57 goals), is a Real Madrid player. The team have also the record number of consecutive participations in the Champions' Cup with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70. The fastest ever Champions League goal was scored by FC Bayern München's Roy Makaay in 10.2 seconds against Real Madrid in 2007. The world-record fee of €76 million (US$87 million, £47 million) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer to Real Madrid in 2001 is the highest ever paid.[43]
[edit] Supporters
- For more details on this topic, see El Clásico and El Derbi madrileño.
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season ticket holders, of which there are approximately 65,000.[2] In order to become a season ticket holder one must first be a socio, or club member. Not all members are able to get a season ticket. In addition to members, the club has over 1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real Madrid have the first highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly attract over 65,000 fans to Santiago Bernabéu; they were the second best-supported La Liga team in the 2004–05 season, with an average gate of 71,900.[44] The club have a large and diverse fanbase, who hold some long-standing rivalries with other clubs; the most notable of these is with FC Barcelona, with whom they regularly contest El Clásico.
Real have a traditional rivalry with FC Barcelona, a legendary one. The rivalry projects what some regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Castillians and Catalans.[45] During the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and (especially) of Francisco Franco, all regional identities were openly suppressed (e.g. the peripheral languages were officially banned). For most of the Catalans and many other Spaniards, Real Madrid was representing the oppressive centralism. However, during the Spanish Civil War itself, members of both clubs like Josep Sunyol and Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered at the hands of Franco supporters.[46]
During the 1950s the rivalry was intensified further when the clubs disputed the signing of Alfredo Di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key in the subsequent success achieved by the club.[47] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice at the European Cup, Real Madrid winning in 1960 and FC Barcelona winning in 1961. In 2000 the rivalry was reinforced following the controversial decision by Luís Figo to leave FC Barcelona and sign for Real Madrid.[48] The two teams met again in the 2002 UEFA Champions League semi-final. Real Madrid, the eventual champion, won the clash dubbed by Spanish media as the Match of the Century. As the two biggest and most successful clubs in Spain, nowadays the rivalry is renewed on an annual basis with both teams often challenging each other for the league championship. The flashpoint of this rivalry is the twice-a-season El Clásico which draws vast audiences from around the world.[49]
The club's nearest neighbours are Atlético Madrid, and they are too seen as big rivals by Real Madrid fans. Although Atlético was originally founded by three Basque students in 1903, they were joined in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. Further tensions came because initially Atlético supporters came from the working class while the Real supporters were drawn from the middle class. Today these distinctions are largely blurred. The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup when the two clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay and Real won 2-1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by former Real coach José Villalonga, they defeated Real in two successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[50]
Between 1961 and 1980 when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered Real any serious challenge, winning La Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, when they finished as La Liga runners-up to Real after an intense battle for the title, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more recent times is very favourable.[51] A high point coming in the 2002–03 season, when Real clinched the La Liga title after beating Atlético 4–0 at the Vicente Calderón stadium.
[edit] Players
[edit] Current squad
- See also: Real Madrid C.F. 2007-08 season
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an EU country.
- As of September 29, 2007.[52] [53]
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[edit] Out on loan
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For recent transfers, see List of transfers of La Liga - 2007/2008 season.
[edit] Team captains
All competitions matches and appearances are counted.
| Player | Career | Captaincy | Number | Total caps |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Raúl González | 1994 - | 2003 - | | 611 (271) |
| Fernando Hierro | 1989 - 2003 | 2001 - 2003 | | 598 (126) |
| Manolo Sanchís | 1983 - 2001 | 1988 - 2001 | | 710 (49) |
| Carlos Santillana | 1971 - 1988 | 1979 - 1988 | | 632 (352) |
| José Martínez Pirri | 1964 - 1979 | 1976 - 1979 | | 595 (210) |
| Amancio | 1962 - 1976 | 1971 - 1976 | | 471 (142) |
| Francisco Gento | 1953 - 1971 | 1961 - 1971 | | 761 (253) |
[edit] Notable managers
Only managers who have won at least one trophy are mentioned.[54]
For a full list of Real Madrid managers, see List of Real Madrid C.F. managers.[55]
| Name | Period | Trophies | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lg | Cp | Sc | CL | UC | SC | ICp | ||
 Arthur Johnson | 1910–20 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Lippo Hertza | 1930–32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Robert Firsth | 1932–34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Francisco Bru | 1934–41 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jacinto Quincoces | 1945–46, 1947-48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Baltasar Albéniz | 1946–47, 1950-51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| José Villalonga | 1954–57 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Luis Carniglia | 1957-59, 1959 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Miguel Muñoz | 1959, 1960-74 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Miljan Miljanić | 1974–77 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vujadin Boškov | 1979-82 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Luis Molowny | 1974, 1977-79, 1982, 1985-86 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
 Leo Beenhakker | 1986-89, 1992 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 John Toshack | 1989-90, 1999 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Alfredo Di Stéfano | 1990-91 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Benito Floro | 1992-94 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vicente del Bosque | 1994, 1999-03 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Jorge Valdano | 1994-96 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Fabio Capello | 1996-97, 2006-07 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Jupp Heynckes | 1997-98 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Guus Hiddink | 1998-99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Carlos Queiroz | 2003-04 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[edit] Presidents
- As of September 17, 2007.[56]
| Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Julián Palacios | 1900 | 1902 |
| Juan Padrós | 1902 | 1904 |
| Carlos Padrós | 1904 | 1908 |
| Adolfo Meléndez | 1908 | 1916 |
| Pedro Parages | 1916 | 1924 |
| Luis de Urquijo | 1924 | 1929 |
| Luis Usera | 1929 | 1935 |
| Rafael Sanchez Guerra | 1935 | 1937 |
| Colonel Antonio Ortega | 1937 | 1938 |
| Rafael Sanchez Guerra | 1938 | 1939 |
| Adolfo Meléndez | 1939 | 1940 |
| Antonio Santos Peralba | 1940 | 1943 |
| Santiago Bernabéu | 1943 | 1978 |
| Luis de Carlos | 1978 | 1985 |
| Ramón Mendoza | 1985 | 1995 |
| Lorenzo Sanz | 1995 | 2000 |
| Florentino Pérez | 2000 | 2006 |
| Fernando Martín | February 2006 | April 2006 |
| Luis Gómez-Montejano | April 2006 | July 2006 |
| Ramón Calderón | 2006 | - |
[edit] Honours
For more details on this topic, see Real Madrid C.F. trophies.[57][58]
[edit] Domestic
- Copa del Rey: 17
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- 1904–05, 1905–06, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1916–17, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93.
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- 1947, 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003.
- (* Won Copa del Rey and La Liga)
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- 1984–85
[edit] European
- UEFA Champions League: 9 (record)[61]
- Intercontinental Cup: 3 (record)[62]
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- 1960, 1998, 2002.
- Copa Iberoamericana: 1 (record)[63]
- UEFA Cup: 2
- Latin Cup: 2
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- 1955, 1957
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Real Madrid Football Club. Madrid Tourist Guide. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. In Spanish, the players are nicknamed ‘Los Merengues’ meaning literally ‘the meringues’ which applies to their white strip.
- ^ a b c Estadio Santiago Bernabeu. The Stadium Guide. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Real Madrid closes out its best fiscal year in history. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Real Madrid is one of the founders of G-14. G14.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ Best club of the 20th century. FIFA.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Voted exclusively by the readers of the bi-monthly FIFA Magazine on December 2000.
- ^ Club facts: Real Madrid. Uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-30. (See:UEFA club competition milestones)
- ^ Real Madrid Fotos, juegos, fútbol, liga española, imágenes, LFP, historia, equipo. WDF. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ 1902-1911. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ a b The Story of.... Real Madrid. The Stadium Guide. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ 1912-1921. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ 1942-1951. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ a b 1952-1961. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Matthew Spiro (2006-05-12). Hats off to Hanot. eufa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ 1962-1971. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Madrid awake from European slumber. uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-14.
- ^ Madrid the comeback kings. uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-14.
- ^ Final. uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-14.
- ^ Final. uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-14.
- ^ La Quinta del Buitre. Blogger. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ 1982-1991. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Real Madrid Live. Free-football.tv. Retrieved on 2007-09-18.
- ^ a b 1992-2001. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Figo's the Real deal. BBC.com (2000-07-24). Retrieved on 2007-09-15.
- ^ Florentino Pérez era. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ 2002 - 2011. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Madrid are the CHAMPIONS: Together we could! Thank you all!. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Real Madrid sack manager Capello", BBC Sport, 2007-06-28. Retrieved on 2007-06-28.
- ^ Real name Schuster as new coach. bbc.com (2007-07-09). Retrieved on 2007-09-18.
- ^ a b c d Historia del Escudo. Realmadridfans.org. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
- ^ Historia del Escudo. Realmadridfans.org. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. (See 2001: Un Escudo para el Siglo XXI) (Spanish)
- ^ a b Equipacion. Realmadridfans.org. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ Real madrid kit in 1905 was 100% white, so the supporters start calling the players as Los Blancos
- ^ Nuestros Estadios. Historialago.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ a b Santiago Bernabéu Tour. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
- ^ Santiago Bernabéu to 120,000. Worldstadia.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ Estadio Santiago Bernabeu guide. Madrid-tourist-guide.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ Santiago Bernabéu station. Metromadrid.es. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Manuel Sanchís. Dimelo.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Figo stats. Footballdatabase.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Raúl González stats. Footballdatabase.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
- ^ Real Madrid C.F.. lpf.es. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
- ^ History. Uefa.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Zidane to Real Madrid. Yahoo.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-24.
- ^ On the first place was FC Barcelona with an average gate of 76,000.
- ^ The Politics Of Real Madrid Football Club. Madrid-tourist-guide.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ El Barça, Franco’s favourite team?. oreneta.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
- ^ Jimmy Burns: Barca, a people's passion, Bloomsbury Publishing, London 1999
- ^ Un traspaso histórico. 20minutos.es. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ El Clásico - Real Madrid vs. Barcelona. Marca.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Real Madrid won El Derbi madrileño for 75 times.
- ^ Real Madrid - At. de Madrid. LPF.es. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Official shirt numbers. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ Current squad. Footballsquads.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ Coaches. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
- ^ Real Madrid - Coaches. Rsssf.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Presidents. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Track record. Realmadrid.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Copa Iberoamericana. RSSSF.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ La Liga statistics. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ The trophy was known as Copa de Campeones (1940), Copa de Oro Argentina (1945), Copa Eva Duarte (1947-53) and Supercopa de España (1982-present)
- ^ UEFA Champions League statistics. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Intercontinental Cup. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Iberoamerican Cup won by Real Madrid. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
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